SSL/TLS Vulnerabilities: How to analyze the SSL/TLS configuration of a server

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Summary

This documentation describes how to analyze the SSL/TLS configuration of a server. It covers the use of online and local tools to check SSL/TLS configuration, identifies potential vulnerabilities, and references relevant OWASP guidelines.

Requirements

  • Operating system minimum requirements: Ubuntu 18.04 or higher, Windows 10 or higher
  • Packages: sslyze (installable via apt or pip for Ubuntu, pip for Windows, brew for MacOS)

To complete these steps, you should have basic knowledge of server administration and SSL/TLS protocols.

Performing checks

Using online tools

Several online tools allow you to analyze the SSL/TLS configuration of a server:

1. SSL Labs SSL Test

Enter the server's URL to perform a comprehensive SSL/TLS analysis, including cipher suites, protocol support, and certificate validation.

2. Hardenize

Provides a holistic security audit, including TLS analysis, HTTP headers, and related security configurations.

3. Scanigma

Focuses on identifying security misconfigurations, weak ciphers, and certificate issues in SSL/TLS setups.

4. ImmuniWeb SSL

Delivers a detailed TLS configuration report, including compliance checks for PCI DSS, NIST, and HIPAA standards.

Using local tools

For offline or more advanced analysis, local tools such as sslyze are effective:

1. Install sslyze

Use one of the following commands to install sslyze:
sudo apt install sslyze   # Install via apt
pip install sslyze        # Install via pip

2. Run sslyze

Analyze a server's SSL/TLS configuration with the command:
sslyze <server_domain>

This will check supported protocols, cipher suites, and certificate details.

Follow OWASP Guidelines

For more resources and how to implement best practices, consult the following OWASP resources:

1. OWASP Transport Layer Security Cheat Sheet

A concise guide to secure TLS configuration, including recommendations for ciphers, key sizes, and protocols.

2. OWASP Guide: Testing for Weak Transport Layer Security

Detailed steps to identify weak TLS implementations in web applications.

Analyze results and mitigate issues

After performing the analysis, address issues like:

  • Using only strong protocols (e.g., TLS 1.2 or 1.3)
  • Disabling outdated protocols (e.g., SSL 3.0, TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1)
  • Ensuring robust cipher suites (e.g., avoiding RC4, 3DES)
  • Correcting certificate errors (e.g., expired or self-signed certificates)

References

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