Difference between revisions of "Stuxnet"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
=== Historical background === | === Historical background === | ||
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Early 2010 the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) inspectors that periodically visited Natanz, noticed a huge number of centrifuges being replaced. | Early 2010 the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) inspectors that periodically visited Natanz, noticed a huge number of centrifuges being replaced. | ||
Later that year Stuxnet was discovered and with it the cause for all the failing centrifuges. | Later that year Stuxnet was discovered and with it the cause for all the failing centrifuges. | ||
=== Zero Day Attacks === | |||
Zero Day Attacks target vulnerabilities that have not yet been found and therefore also not been patched giving attackers huge advantages. Finding these vulnerabilities and developing working exploits costs a lot of time, money and human resources. | |||
=== Four Zero-Day Attacks === | === Four Zero-Day Attacks === | ||
Revision as of 13:59, 20 December 2020
Summary
Stuxnet exploits several vulnerabilities including four zero-day exploits and targets a very specific overall setup found at the Iranian uranium enrichment plants especially Natanz.
Targeted software and hardware setup
- Operating system: 32-bit Windows Operating System (2k, XP, 2003, Vista, Server 2008, 7, Server 2008 R2)
- SCADA Software: Siemens STEP7
- Hardware: S7-315-2/S7-417 PLCs with specific PROFIBUS VFD
Description
Historical background
In April 2006 Iran announced they have successfully enriched uranium refusing to give in to international demands to close its nuclear program. From February to November 2007 about 3000 new centrifuges were installed in Natanz, a uranium enrichment plant. In the same year the US Congress released $400 million for covert operations against Iran´s nuclear program as Israel and other Arab Countries have continuously asked for help against Iran. In 2008 they again approached the US hoping for help with an airstrike on Natanz but the US leaders feared this would lead to a wide-range war and also, as Natanz was situated mostly underground, they pointed out that an airstrike would probably not be very effective.
Throughout 2009 the number of centrifuges at Natanz was increased to 8700 and on at least one occasion President Ahmadinejad proudly led a tour through the plant providing the world with videos and images of the control rooms and centrifuges.
Early 2010 the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) inspectors that periodically visited Natanz, noticed a huge number of centrifuges being replaced. Later that year Stuxnet was discovered and with it the cause for all the failing centrifuges.
Zero Day Attacks
Zero Day Attacks target vulnerabilities that have not yet been found and therefore also not been patched giving attackers huge advantages. Finding these vulnerabilities and developing working exploits costs a lot of time, money and human resources.
Four Zero-Day Attacks
Replication:
Shortcut "LNK" Files Automatic File Execution vulnerability (CVE-2010-2568): Bypassing disabled auto-run allowing auto-execution
Print Spooler Service Impersonation vulnerability (CVE-2010-2729): Installing .exe to %System% Folder that loads .dll file
Escalation:
Task Scheduler Escalation of Privilege vulnerability (CVE-2010-3888): Starting the .dll as a new process with administrator rights (Windows Vista / Windows 7 / Windows Server R2)
Local Privilege Escalation vulnerability (CVE-2010-2743): Starting the .dll as a new process within csrss.exe (Windows XP / Windows 2000)
Used Hardware
Device to be used with this documentation Maybe another device to be used with this documentation
Courses
- A course where this documentation was used (2017, 2018)
- Another one (2018)